Tuesday, December 18, 2012

The man in the mirror

I am of the opinion that government-run welfare is inefficient, curtails financial freedom, encourages laziness, and sometimes has the effect of exacerbating the differences between socioeconomic classes. By allowing themselves to be taxed instead of giving themselves, people lose the opportunity to actually serve others (which is extremely beneficial to both parties). They also rely on underpaid government employees to make decisions about how to use resources instead of using the intelligence and good judgment of billions of people around the world to make those decisions independently and wisely.

But, at least for the moment, we're much better off with government welfare. There are far too many people with far too little and if we cut the government programs, they'll starve and go without other necessities. Yes, there are many people who cynically take advantage of the system. But there are many people who depend on welfare for good and sufficient reasons.

I have similar feelings about gun control. The Second Amendment doesn't exist so we can hunt. It exists to guarantee that the country's military power rests with the people and not with a central government. The more restrictions we have on gun control, the further we are from that ideal. I'd like to get rid of guns entirely, but committing absolutely to nonviolence in any form ensures that those who don't have the same scruples are guaranteed to win as long as they're willing to start a fight.

The fact that the military has access to weapons that citizens may not own scares me. On the other hand, I don't believe that we have the moral maturity as a culture to use such weapons wisely. We're too unwilling to hold ourselves and each other accountable for the use of our weapons. More subtly, we're too unwilling to hold ourselves accountable for our angry words and for our unrealistic expectations. We're unwilling to do inconvenient things to ensure our own safety and unwilling to pay for outsourced security. And we're unwilling to come up with a viable solution for the mental health problems that exist in our country.

For the time being making some kinds of guns inaccessible is a reasonable compromise. But it isn't good enough. We need access to guns, but we need to change ourselves first.

All of this reminds me of a piece that Seth Meyers did on Saturday Night Live. His joke about the Facebook Like button hits close to home. Apparently, many of us believe that we can support candidates who promise to change the country for us. But they can't. We are the country. If the country is going to change, we have to do it. Each one of us. We can't wait for our elected officials to do it for us because that's simply not something that people can do. We need to give until government welfare becomes redundant. We need to elevate the way that we interact with each other so that violence, with or without guns, becomes unacceptable. We need to make wise, intelligent decisions on our own. We need to become so good that our government doesn't matter.

Friday, December 7, 2012

Stand still

I have a confession to make, which may compromise my nerd cred. I don't particularly care for Legos and I never really have. I could cite several reasons that I never cared for them, but I'm going to focus on the one that's applicable to this article. I'm about setting and achieving goals, but Legos aren't about building according to the instructions. They're a creative exercise and that has never really appealed to me. So even as a kid, I was fairly incapable of just playing for the sake of play.

My name is Petey and I get stuff done.

In years past, the things I hoped to accomplish were simple tasks. I could think of a goal, plan to do it, and do it before losing interest. My attention span has grown a bit, but the length of time it takes to accomplish something worthwhile has grown much more.

What's more, many of the things I hope for now are at least partially out of my control. I can save up to buy a house, but I can't control when a house that I actually want to buy will be on the market. I can go on dates but my actions won't necessarily instill interest in me (although they could certainly dispel that interest). I can drive carefully but can't do much about the other drivers who don't. The list goes on and on.

Working towards goals that are outside of my control is nothing new to me; to some extent or another, the success of our endeavors always depends on circumstance. So I've contented myself with working as hard as I can to do what I can do to encourage circumstance to cooperate with me and simultaneously trusting God to provide whatever is necessary. I also choose to trust that when I don't get something I've tried to achieve that I'll be better off without it.

Usually, I can do both of these things at once. In fact, I've become dependent on my ability to work towards goals. Most of the divine intervention that I've seen as I've tried to achieve things has been subtle direction towards things I can try to get where I'm trying to go.

But I've had a very frustrating week. I was talking about it with a friend and realized that, for at least one of my goals, there may be nothing I can do at the moment. This is only a small step up from giving up, which is completely out of the question.

Please forgive me if I seem melodramatic. I'm currently trying to cope with the fact that my primary method of dealing with the world isn't effective.

Fortunately, the way ahead is clear. I just need more faith. The best summary I know is in the Doctrine and Covenants, which I accept as scripture: "let us cheerfully do all things that lie in our power; and then may we stand still, with the utmost assurance, to see the salvation of God, and for his arm to be revealed" (D&C 123:17).

For me, the current application seems clear. I have done, for the time being, all that I can do to achieve some of my goals. In these facets of my life, it is now time for me to stand still. Standing still doesn't mean that stop trying entirely; I still need to give God every chance to bless me that I can. But it does mean that I stop beating myself up about it. And it absolutely means that I need to trust Him. In the past, trusting Him has always meant that I did what I could and believed that He would bless me. But now, I need to trust Him without some of that effort. And with that effort, I must also sacrifice the illusion of control. I have to square with the fact that it is not my efforts or abilities or determination that will provide the outcomes I seek but that, to the extent that I get what I want, it is due to His goodness.

This is going to be a big transition.

Saturday, November 3, 2012

The times they are a-changin'

It's autumn in Utah. For weeks, I've been observing the colors as I've hiked, commuted, and lived. The colors are beginning to become muted and drab and will soon become wintry. The snows will come and most of the world's hue will be lost for a while.

Several of my favorite songs seem particularly appropriate for the season, so I made a few minutes to make a playlist for each of the seasons. I was surprised to find that the process of creating these playlists was a deeply introspective one. I now understand my own feelings towards the seasons better than ever before. I've included my playlists at the bottom, in case you're interested in seeing them.

When I think about life, I think of summer. I don't mean that things grow in the summer or that there's more greenery (although there is). I mean that, in my mind, summer is normal and the other seasons are the exception to the rule. Summertime is characterized by music that is upbeat and energetic. A lot of my upbeat dance music ended up in this playlist. Love stories in this playlist seem to be going well – or, at least, there are good prospects. My summer playlist is the longest of them, perhaps because I love summer so much. Or maybe it's because I love dancing.

In autumn, the world changes. Green turns to red and yellow. Heat fades. Clear skies become cloudy and it begins to rain. The music of autumn is reflective. It recognizes that not every good thing lasts. Some of the more acute breakup songs are in autumn, but so are some hopeful songs about change. There is brightness and color in the music, but the energy of summer is mostly gone.

Then the world fades into whites and browns. The sun hides and so do the people. For months, it seems as if there is no life or hope anywhere. There is nothing abrupt about winter, so it doesn't have sharp pains; instead, it has chronic ones. It is a time of longing for what was and wondering what might have been. There is hope for what might be, but it is marred by uncertainty about when or if the change will come. Although most of my dance music was in the summer playlist, there are several waltzes that found their way to my winter list.

Eventually, every winter begins to end when spring comes. The sun peeks cautiously from behind the clouds. The clouds are used to ruling the skies and fight back vehemently. Their efforts ultimately fail and, as the sun reasserts its preeminence, it brings new life to the world. Spring is a time of transition. There are somber days and setbacks, but there is always progress. Once spring begins, summer is no longer a distant, desperate hope but a certainty. The buds and leaves on every tree serve as constant reminders of what is to come. The music of spring is about new things, especially about new love and the hope that a budding love will mature into a deep, dependable one.

I'm not sure if I'm really being fair to some of the seasons. Actually, I'm more okay with winter than I ever have been before (yes, my feelings used to be stronger about it). But I tolerate winter at best. Maybe I'll be able to mature to the point that I can actually appreciate all of the seasons as they are.

Summer

  • The Archies - Sugar, Sugar
  • The Beatles - Golden Slumbers
  • Bob Marley - Three Little Birds
  • Boys Like Girls - Thunder
  • Carl Douglas - Kung Fu Fighting
  • Carly Rae Jepsen - Call Me Maybe
  • Cupid - Cupid Shuffle
  • Collective Soul - Heavy
  • Daniel Bedingfield - Girlfriend
  • Queen & David Bowie - Under Pressure
  • Don Henley - The Boys Of Summer
  • Duke Ellington And His Famous Orchestra - It Don't Mean A Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing) (1999 Remastered)
  • Duran Duran - Hungry Like The Wolf
  • Eagles - Hotel California
  • Louis Armstrong - Summertime
  • Ellie Goulding - Lights
  • Green Day - Oh Love
  • Herman's Hermits - I'm Henry The VIII
  • Herman's Hermits - Silhouettes
  • Imagine Dragons - It's Time
  • Iyaz - Replay (Album Version)
  • Jimmy Eat World - Sweetness
  • Justin Bieber - Baby
  • Kansas - Carry On Wayward Son
  • Katrina & The Waves - Walking On Sunshine
  • Kate Voegele - Only Fooling Myself
  • Led Zeppelin - Fool In The Rain
  • Louis Armstrong - Hello Dolly
  • Loverboy - Working For The Weekend
  • The Lovin' Spoonful - Summer In The City (2003 Remaster)
  • Michael Jackson - Beat It
  • Michael Jackson - Bad
  • Miley Cyrus - Party In The U.S.A.
  • Miley Cyrus - Hoedown Throwdown
  • Natasha Bedingfield featuring Sean Kingston - Love Like This
  • Owl City - Alligator Sky (No Rap Version)
  • Owl City - Air Traffic
  • Owl City - Deer In The Headlights
  • Owl City - Fireflies
  • Owl City - Good Time (Feat. Owl City and Carly Rae Jepsen)
  • OneRepublic - Stop And Stare
  • Owl City - Hello Seattle
  • Owl City - On The Wing
  • Prince - When Doves Cry
  • Paul Simon - You Can Call Me Al
  • Paul Simon with Los Lobos - All Around The World Or The Myth Of Fingerprints
  • Phil Collins - True Colors
  • Phil Collins - Dance Into The Light
  • Rick Astley - Never Gonna Give You Up
  • La Roux - Bulletproof
  • Sam Cooke - Another Saturday Night
  • Savage Garden - The Animal Song (Album Version)
  • Simon & Garfunkel - The Sound of Silence
  • Starship - We Built This City
  • Stevie Nicks - Edge of Seventeen
  • Sting - Desert Rose
  • Taylor Swift - Long Live
  • Taylor Swift - You Belong With Me
  • U2 - Pride (In The Name Of Love)
  • War - Low Rider
  • Weather Report - Birdland
  • Weezer - My Name Is Jonas

Autumn

  • Sting - Fields Of Gold
  • 3 Doors Down - Away From The Sun
  • Annie Lennox - Into The West
  • Collective Soul - Run
  • The Dave Brubeck Quartet - Take Five
  • Don McLean - American Pie
  • Earth, Wind & Fire - September
  • Fergie - Big Girls Don't Cry (Personal)
  • Fleetwood Mac - Landslide
  • Gladys Knight & The Pips - Midnight Train To Georgia
  • Jimmy Eat World - Hear You Me
  • Led Zeppelin - Ramble On
  • Kate Voegele - Chicago
  • Nelly - Just A Dream
  • Oasis - Champagne Supernova
  • Oasis - Wonderwall
  • Timbaland/OneRepublic - Apologize
  • Owl City - Meteor Shower
  • Owl City - Vanilla Twilight
  • Sarah McLachlan with Bryan Adams - Don't Let Go (with Bryan Adams)
  • Savage Garden - Hold Me (Album Version)
  • Seether feat. Amy Lee - Broken
  • Simon & Garfunkel - April Come She Will
  • Simon & Garfunkel - Leaves That Are Green
  • Stereo Fuse - Everything
  • Taylor Swift - The Best Day
  • Taylor Swift - White Horse
  • TLC - Creep
  • The Tony Rich Project - Nobody Knows
  • Train - Hopeless
  • The Verve Pipe - The Freshmen
  • The Weepies - World Spins Madly On

Winter

  • The Beatles - The Fool on the Hill [from the Film "Magical Mystery Tour"]
  • Billy Joel - And So It Goes
  • Ella Fitzgerald - Dream A Little Dream Of Me
  • Evanescence - My Immortal (Band Version)
  • Jimmy Eat World - My Sundown
  • Josh Groban - February Song (Album Version)
  • Josh Groban - So She Dances (Album Version)
  • Josh Groban - Remember When It Rained
  • Kate Voegele - Kindly Unspoken
  • Lighthouse Family - Ain't No Sunshine
  • Lifehouse - Simon
  • Owl City - January 28, 1986
  • Phil Collins - One More Night
  • Sarah McLachlan - Answer
  • Simon & Garfunkel - Bookends Theme
  • Taylor Swift - Back To December
  • Sting - Shape Of My Heart
  • Taylor Swift - Last Kiss
  • Simon & Garfunkel - I Am a Rock

Spring

  • Annie Lennox - Walking On Broken Glass
  • Antonio Carlos Jobim - Garota de Ipanema
  • Antonio Carlos Jobim - Samba de Uma Nota So
  • Association - Windy
  • Starship - Sara
  • The Beatles - Here Comes the Sun
  • Billy Joel - The Longest Time
  • Coldplay - Paradise
  • Daniel Bedingfield - Without the Girl
  • Ella Fitzgerald - Let's Call The Whole Thing Off
  • Ella Fitzgerald - They Can't Take That Away From Me
  • Jesse McCartney - Beautiful Soul
  • Louis Armstrong - What A Wonderful World
  • The Lovin' Spoonful - Do You Believe In Magic?
  • Mandy Moore - Crush
  • Mandy Moore - Cry
  • Marc Cohn - Walking In Memphis (LP Version)
  • Miley Cyrus - The Climb
  • Miles Davis - So What
  • Norah Jones - Come Away With Me
  • Owl City - Honey And The Bee
  • Owl City - Hospital Flowers
  • Owl City - The Real World
  • Owl City - The Saltwater Room
  • Paul Simon - Under African Skies
  • Savage Garden - Crash And Burn (Album Version)
  • Seal - Kiss From A Rose
  • Seal - Love's Divine (Album Version)
  • Simon & Garfunkel - Scarborough Fair/Canticle
  • Sixpence None The Richer - Kiss Me
  • Starship - Sara
  • Taylor Swift - Fearless
  • Taylor Swift - Today Was A Fairytale
  • Train - Drops Of Jupiter
  • U2 - I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For

Friday, October 26, 2012

Hedges about the law

A couple of weeks ago, I gave a presentation at a TED-inspired venue called MITE Night (Most Interesting Thing Ever Night) about the challenges in communication that are specific to geeks (or nerds – I don't distinguish between the two). After some deliberation, I chose to present with slides as visual aides, using pictures instead of text (except when quoting someone). In the process of preparing, I came across some video clips that I thought would fit well with my presentation.

The first video clip I wanted to use was about ten seconds of a video entitled An Engineer's Guide to Dating by An Engineering Mind. As far as I can tell, this video was created just for fun and was strictly not for profit. The second was a 16-second clip of The Big Bang Theory – just long enough for a single joke. And the third video was the first few seconds of Rick Astley's Never Gonna Give You Up music video (because rickrolling is a sort of online sport).

Of course, these materials are all copyrighted, so I needed to be sure that my use of them was legitimate. The legal doctrine of fair use attempts to describe some common exceptions to copyright law. These nebulous guidelines fail entirely to make clear what is and is not acceptable but give some guidance. But, as my use was of a small portion of each work, as it was for a noncommercial and educational purpose, and as my use of each work would either not affect the markets at all (except perhaps by advertising for the works), using these clips in my presentation is a textbook case of fair use.

I'm somewhat experienced with public speaking and I anticipated some of the common problems. Accordingly, I didn't want to rely on an internet connection, so I tried to put the video clips into my slides. The problem is that although my use of these copyrighted materials would be protected by the doctrine of fair use, I had no legitimate way to download them and embed them in my slides.

As I'd found the video clips I wanted on YouTube, the easiest way to download them would have been from the site itself. But YouTube doesn't provide a way for people (except for the people who uploaded the videos in the first place) to download videos. One reason might be to encourage traffic to the site. Another is clearly copyright protection. If copyrighted materials could be posted and downloaded at will, YouTube would be responsible for being the means by which people pirated countless copyrighted videos. By forcing people to go to the site to watch videos, a video whose legitimacy is called into question can be immediately suppressed. Using one of the many tools that downloads videos would have been a clear violation of YouTube's terms of service, regardless of the fact that my use of the materials in question would have been protected by fair use.

Another way I could have gotten the videos would have been via a DVD (well, two of the three, as I don't think An Engineering Mind has ever made DVDs). I could have ripped (extracted) the video files from DVDs and then I could have selected just the few seconds of each that I wanted and put those videos into my slides. But DVDs have a copy protection mechanism on them. It isn't effective at protecting anything, but it does make the act of ripping a DVD illegal because of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (see the External Links section for the full text). As before, my use of these videos would not have violated copyright law but would have been a violation of a measure whose sole purpose for existence is to enforce copyright law. I should add that neither the current list of exceptions to the DMCA or the list of exceptions that will take effect in January 2013 allow this action, as I'm not a university professor or a student of film.

I could have, of course, simply found video clips on some torrent site and downloaded them. Torrents aren't illegal in the same way that websites aren't illegal, but downloading an entire episode of Big Bang Theory, whether or not I only ever used 15 seconds of it, could have caused legal trouble.

There is also the issue of enforcement. If I ever went to court over my use of copyrighted materials, the decision about whether or not it was fair use would be decided arbitrarily by some judge. I might get lucky; I might not. What's more, I can't afford legal counsel on the scale that the RIAA and MPAA already employ. I'd have no reasonable hope of winning the case, even if I were clearly in the right.

As for preparing slides that would work offline, I was out of ideas. Especially in the short amount of time that I had to prepare, there wasn't a way for me to store these videos on my computer and embed them in my presentation. I was unable to get either Keynote or PowerPoint to embed YouTube videos directly and I eventually went with a Google Presentation.

Of course, I had trouble getting online when I arrived. Since all of my slides were online, the presentation started late and the videos didn't work even after I got online. The presentation wasn't ruined, but it was disappointingly unpolished.

As I thought about these laws and behaviors that we use to enforce copyright law, I was reminded of the Pirkei Avot, which contains the instruction to "make a hedge about the law" (see this translation, which renders the phrase "make a safety fence around the Torah."). The purpose of this hedge was to help people be sure they never violated the law, which was of paramount import. I think this has great theological value; in fact, there are ways in which I hedge about the law in my personal behavior. But when we make hedges that prohibit others from doing otherwise legitimate things – in religion or in anything else – we must be extremely cautious.

We've clearly passed the point of reason with these laws. These hedges have taken the already crippled doctrine of fair use and rendered it completely useless. My troubles presenting when I was clearly doing something legitimate are not the only example of consumers' rights being ignored. It's time that we reformed our laws and our enforcement of them. The doctrine of fair use needs to be well enough defined and protected that ordinary people can exercise their rights in its regard without fear of unjust repercussions.

Monday, October 8, 2012

Solving Fixing Hard Disk Drive Errors



The Microsoft ScanDisk program searches your hard disk drive for errors and is able to fix some errors. Fixing hard disk drive errors can improve PC performance.

NOTE: Using ScanDisk to check for hard disk drive errors may take a long time to complete.

 1 Click the Start button and then click My Computer.



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2 Right-click the icon for the hard disk drive (usually labeled C:).

3 Click Properties, and then click the Tools tab.

4 Click Check Now.

5 Place check marks in all of the check boxes.

6 Click the Start button, and then click Yes to schedule a full disk scan for when the PC is restarted.

7 Click OK.

8 Click the Start button, click Turn Off Computer, and then click Restart. ScanDisk starts as soon as the PC starts up again.

Saturday, September 29, 2012

Computer Keyboard Using Tutorial

Keyboard Using

The keyboard is the primary way you enter text and commands for the PC. The keyboard may connect directly to your PC or may be wireless. Your keyboard has an arrangement of standard keys, indicator lights, and special buttons (select models only). Your keyboard may vary from the illustrations. Some keyboards do not have the Internet buttons shown here at the top of the keyboard, and some use a different layout on the top right.

Keyboard Shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts are combinations of keys that you press simultaneously to do specific actions. For example, from the Windows desktop, press the Alt (alternate) key, the Ctrl (control) key, and the S key (the letter s) to display support information for the PC (including model number, serial number, and service ID).
You will see this combination of keys represented as Alt+Ctrl+S. In Windows, press Ctrl+C to copy an item you’ve highlighted or selected, Ctrl+V to paste a copied item, or press Ctrl+Z to undo the previous action. These shortcuts perform the same actions you can perform through menus but save you time and mouse clicks.
Standard Keyboard Features
Alphanumeric Keys
The alphanumeric keys are the main keys found on a standard typewriter. 10 PC Basics Guide
Function Keys
The function keys, located above the main keys, are labeled F1 through F12. • Pressing F1 displays a Help window for the software program being used. • Pressing F3 displays a search window. F1 and F3 are available at all times. Other function key operations vary by software program.
Edit Keys
The edit keys are Insert, Home, Page Up, Delete, End, and Page Down. Use these keys to insert and delete text and to quickly move the cursor on your screen. They function differently with some software programs.
Introducing the PC 11

Arrow Keys
The arrow keys are controls for up, down, right, and left. You can use these keys instead of the mouse to move the cursor for navigation in a Web page, in a document, or in a game.

Numeric Keys
Press the Num Lock key to lock and unlock the numeric key functions: • When the Num Lock light on the keyboard is on, the numeric keys work in the same way as the number keys and arithmetic functions found on a basic calculator.
• When the Num Lock light on the keyboard is off, the numeric keys are directional keys used to move the cursor or play games.
Keyboard Indicators
Each keyboard indicator is a light labeled with the name or icon for its status:

Icon Name Description:
Num Lock Numeric keys are locked as numbers keys and arithmetic functions. Caps Lock Alphanumeric keys are locked to uppercase.
Scroll Lock Scroll function is locked. 12 PC Basics Guide
Special Keyboard Buttons
There are special buttons (select models only) at the top of the keyboard. (Some models have some of these special buttons on the left side of the main keys.) These buttons operate a CD or DVD player, control speaker volume, connect you to the Internet, or provide quick access to specific functions.
 Volume Control
The Volume knob increases speaker volume when turned clockwise and decreases volume when turned counterclockwise. It can be turned indefinitely, even after maximum sound has been reached.  The Volume Up button increases volume, and the Volume Down button decreases volume. The Mute button turns speaker sound on and off.
Media Control Keys
NOTE: The number, location, and labeling of buttons vary by keyboard model.
a Open and close disc tray(s)
b Record
c Play or pause
d Stop
e Skip to the previous track
f Skip to the next track

Monday, September 24, 2012

Making happiness in the lab

I spent a month in the summer of 2006 working in Kent Pinkerton's lab in the Center for Health and the Environment at UC Davis. The students and postdocs in the lab who worked with Kent were intelligent, articulate, and kind. They supported each other and helped me considerably. Despite feeling underqualified, I felt welcome with all of my colleagues (although I feel that I'm arrogating myself to call them that).

It didn't take long for me to realize that Kent's influence over the lab was considerable. He was respected for being very capable in his work, but he was loved for being a kind tutor. He communicated effectively and did an admirable job of helping people feel good about themselves. Before my month in his lab was over, I found myself observing him to learn what I could about the art of building others up. I've practiced what I learned over the years and, although I don't claim to be a master of this art, my ability to build others has improved greatly.

With this post, I hope to simultaneously thank Kent for this significant contribution to my life and to pass on some of what I've learned about this important skill.

I think that the first thing I noticed about Kent is that he's sincere. It's simply impossible to not believe him, even when he says incredible things. I still remember meeting with him at the end of my time in his lab. I'd done some simple analyses of some slides and remember that he exclaimed, "You were worth every penny!" I certainly hadn't thought I was worth every penny; I actually had thought of myself as something of a charity case. But the way he said it made it impossible for me to disbelieve him. Sincerity was not a new idea to me, as I'd been taught to be sincere all my life – but Kent's sincerity was so apparent that I was able to see why it mattered.

As I attended lab meetings and watched Kent doing research with the others, I also realized that he was very specific in his compliments. He would isolate exactly what someone had done or a characteristic that someone had and talk about it. Specificity matters because it communicates sincerity and because it doesn't sound like a platitude. I blame my egocentricity for the fact that I don't remember any specific compliments that Kent gave to others in the lab, but I do remember that he told me that, "We'll make a scientist out of you yet." At the time, I was planning to become an electrical engineer and Kent recognized specific aptitudes and abilities that would make me valuable in research. Without this comment, made in passing, I may never have considered a career in research.

The two compliments I've mentioned were effective because I could tell that Kent really cared. It wasn't that he cared about me (although I have no doubt he did and does), but that I could tell that the things he talked about really mattered to him. His enthusiasm made compliments that would have been nice into great compliments. The first compliment showed his enthusiasm for good evidence to inform the community. From the second compliment, I inferred that Kent values his field and wants it to do well – and that he wanted me to be a part of it because he saw that I could contribute.

I appreciated his comments particularly because they addressed insecurities of mine – things that kept me up at night. At the time, I was not at all confident that I was worth the hassle and the pay that I'd cost the lab. And I wasn't confident that my abilities were up to par. Such emphatic, unsolicited validation eased the burdens that I'd been trying to carry without addressing them externally.

It is crucial to note that these compliments described essential, not superficial, characteristics. They complimented who I really am on the inside and not something ancillary to my character, such as my appearance or a first impression of me. Addressing people's identity raises the stakes; the insults that sting the most and the compliments that provide the largest preponderance of warm, fuzzy feelings are the ones that describe the soul.

Of course, my listed generalities only help so much. It can be difficult to find useful and effective compliments for other people, especially on demand. Over the years, I've discovered that a few habits have greatly improved my ability to give compliments.

I've learned to observe people carefully. I'm not content to know what people are doing because understanding why they do what they do gives important insight into who they are. It helps to never assume that I've achieved my goal of understanding people. They are infinitely complex, which makes them interesting and which gives me cause to keep observing. Of course, passive observation has its limits. I have found it useful to combine careful observation with good questions.

I've also learned to believe the best of people. It's easy to assume that people do what they do because of some character flaw or other, but I've found that there is a deeper understanding to be had of virtually every person's motivation for any action. Assuming the best allows me to stop judging and to keep looking for others' good qualities. As I do so, I'm able to see specific characteristics of other people that I wouldn't see were I judging them.

Perhaps the most important thing that I have learned to do to build people up is to care about them. When I care about people, it shows. They respond with trust, which allows me to understand them better and therefore to build them up more effectively. As I have chosen to serve others, especially those to whom I'm not naturally drawn, I've found it easier to love them. This increased love has enabled me to build them up as I could not do previously.

One of the principal joys in life is sharing a sincere smile with someone else. Giving good compliments makes me happy because it makes my friends happy. I hope it does the same for you.

Thursday, September 20, 2012

Apple's patch Wednesday

Apple released several updates yesterday. Most talked about was iOS 6, but there were also upgrades to Mac OS, Xcode, and other Apple software.

I'd heard about iOS 6 but don't have a device that will benefit much from it, so I didn't bother with it.

I use my Mac for school. It's basically a Linux laptop with shiny hardware and an aesthetically pleasing (if space-wasting) window manager. I use homebrew to manage the software I use from the FOSS ecosystem. So when I checked for updates last night it told me that my Xcode command line tools were out of date. This typically means that Xcode itself is out of date. I'd expected to see the update notification from the App Store, as Apple had just forced me to upgrade a few months ago to get a version integrated with the App Store.

It turns out that although the update was available, the App Store hadn't yet notified me. This isn't a huge problem; it just means that I can't trust Apple to notify me as soon as critical security updates are available. And, of course, I love the irony of being notified by a third party application that my Apple software needed to be updated.

I opened the App Store and checked for updates. I told it to upgrade everything (Xcode and iPhoto) and typed in my password to authorize the process. I quickly noticed that the update was over a GB. Having just been released, this patch was in high demand among developers and the download was painfully slow. I was only somewhat surprised that Apple doesn't use something sensible like BitTorrent to distribute its patches; after all, Apple maintains tight control over its products – even after the products have been sold to customers.

Hours later, I checked to see if the download had finished. For some reason, it was still listed and I instructed the App Store to update everything again. I typed my password again. For some reason, the patch was larger. It's possible I missed a detail somewhere, but I'm quite sure that 1.6 GB is larger than 1.3 GB.

The next time I checked, iPhoto had still not been upgraded. I told the App Store to install the update and authenticated a third time. It quickly reported that it wanted to upgrade but that it couldn't until I updated my operating system. Apple, of course, hadn't notified me that an update was available.

So I opened Apple's update tool and installed the upgrade, which forced me to authenticate (I think – at this point, it was late enough that I may have missed something) and then restart.

After restarting, I told the App Store to upgrade a fourth time and authenticated yet again and it happily complied.

When I launched Xcode, it had an update waiting inside of itself that I had to install before doing anything else. Then, finally, I dug my way through the preferences menu to find a way to upgrade the software contained within Xcode, including the command line tools. It listed four updates but said at the top that no updates were available. After ignoring the message at the top, I tried to install one of the tools. After authenticating (twice), I was told that my Apple Developer account doesn't have access to iOS 5. I have no idea why Apple maintains farcical security around its developer tools, as they're certainly available on the Internet without Apple's red tape. And it wasn't immediately obvious how I could convince Apple to give me the software. So I ignored the iOS 5 emulators and moved on to what I really needed.

The other updates didn't hassle me (although I think I had to authenticate again for each one). I was finally done. The experience left me thinking of the years I spent working in technical support for my department as an undergraduate, installing OEM copies of Windows XP on professors' laptops and doing battle to find and install the drivers they needed in order to operate properly. Apple had actually succeeded in creating its own Patch Tuesday (except that it was a day late, as it all came out on Wednesday).

So, Apple, I pose my questions to you: how do you justify such a horrific experience? Are you willing to own up to the fact that your developer tools are clearly an afterthought? Are you even bothered by the fact that third-party tools notify your users about updates (which could be security-critical) before you do, despite the fact that you control the operating system and applications that can deliver these notifications? And we all know that stealing ideas is how the computer industry works, but didn't anyone tell you to steal the good ideas?

Monday, September 17, 2012

A rock feels no pain

I recently experienced a significant disappointment. It didn't come as a surprise but it wasn't really what I wanted, either. Since that experience, I've paid careful attention to my emotions and have been surprised at how gentle they've been. I feel fine. I'm not sure that I ought to feel fine, though, and I've been wondering if there's something wrong with me and my emotions.

I'm sure it will come as no surprise to my friends that I took a while to question what the ideal of emotional experience is, what my current experience with it is, what difference exists between them, and what I can do to close the gap. I had an interesting thought yesterday: what price would I pay to experience more emotion?

This question probably deserves some background. As I've discussed previously, I decided long ago that anger would not be a part of my life. Since then, I've chosen to avoid acting on feelings of anger and have learned to process those feelings. I've learned to give others the benefit of the doubt and to be patient. Years later, I sometimes experience frustration and occasionally indignation but anger really isn't a part of my life. When I do experience a feeling like anger, I'm able to arrest its development, remove myself from the situation, and deal with it on my own without expressing it at anyone else. I've cultivated this control carefully over the years. I've considered it to be a part of the ideal that I call emotional maturity for some time. My conception of this ideal, in summary, has been that a person ought to use reason and emotion together to make decisions without allowing either one to dominate the other. Anger should be avoided because it's specifically condemned in the Sermon on the Mount and because it is so strong that it overrides reason.

Yesterday, I questioned that ideal. Specifically, I asked myself if I would be willing to sacrifice the control I've cultivated for more than half of my life if it meant deeper emotional experience.

I thought about it and discussed it with some close, trusted friends. I concluded two things: if there were something wrong with me emotionally because I've been controlling myself too tightly and if it were possible to remedy the situation by letting go, I ought to do so. My experience has been that when I've gravitated to one extreme, I have to release the fear of the other extreme in order to progress towards a proper balance between them. I also decided that I don't think there's anything wrong with my emotional state. I'm not hiding from my emotions and I'm not suppressing them; I just don't happen to have a strong emotional response to some things and that has surprised me but simply is the way it is.

This morning, I was flipping through Preach My Gospel as part of my daily scriptural study. I came across the section about hope in chapter 6. As I read, a strong feeling of peace came over me. I realized that I have learned hope. I live it. I believe that good things are coming. I believe that, no matter what happens, my life can be happy – and that other lives can be happy, too. I realized that when, as the saying goes, the Lord shuts a door, I don't stand there and look at it as darkness closes around me; I simply locate the best open door I can find and move towards it. I was grateful to be reminded that I can, in fact, feel emotion and more grateful for the divine approbation that this communication implied.

Now, dear readers, please excuse me. I have worlds to conquer.

Monday, September 10, 2012

All is not as it seems

Philip Guo recently published a memoir of his experience as a PhD student in computer science. His is a story of self-discovery and triumph. Getting a PhD is hard, especially for someone who hasn't already discovered a burning passion for a subfield, which Guo had not done when he started his PhD.

Having completed two years of PhD school in computer science myself and not having identified a subfield for which I have a consuming passion, I strongly sympathized with Guo as I read his memoir. Accordingly, I read closely and imagined myself in his situation. I came away hopeful that my experience would be similarly serendipitous. I also came away more acutely aware of the problems with the academic peer review system. Of particular note is the fact that Guo submitted papers that were rejected because his writing didn't meet the arbitrary expectations of current experts in the field, not because his research was unoriginal or uninformative. I believe in good writing and recognize that good writing necessarily reflects familiarity with an audience. I'm not taking issue with the need for good writing, but I believe that some of the requirements for publication are detrimental to the academic community as a whole.

Allow me to explain.

Early in his graduate career, Guo submitted a paper to a conference and was rejected. His research was, as the memoir tells, of a similar caliber to other research that was published. Guo's failure was in convincing the entrenched researchers in that community that his work was original and useful. That is, it wasn't the quality of work that mattered for publication. What mattered was the apparent quality of his work. Guo's paper went unpublished because the system evaluates whether or not research seems to be good, not whether or not the research is good.

To be fair, this is a scientific community and it strives to be objective. There isn't a way to determine if research is good objectively, so the community makes do with the best solution that it has found to date.

The problem with peer review is compounded by the fact that the quality of a scientist is estimated by his or her publication record (see, for example, h-index). This leads to problems such as this, where a scientist manages to falsify peer review in order to seem like an effective scientist.

Unfortunately, problems of this kind are found everywhere. We get a job not by being the best candidate for a job but by seeming to be the best candidate. Dating works along the same lines. Sports revolve around what the officials perceive, so they have precisely the same issue. Political discourse clearly emphasizes seeming over being.

Being something allows us to act. Other people's behavior towards us, however, depends on what we seem to be. It isn't possible (or desirable) to avoid seeming to be something. Instead, we should all try to seem to be what we are and to avoid seeming to be what we are not. If you find yourself trying to seem in a certain way, check to make sure that it's actually true. Are you really confident or do you seem that way? Are you actually good at what you do or do you just have a killer resume? Keep in mind that self-deception is not just possible but commonplace.

This is not to say that we should not aspire for greatness beyond what we have yet attained. And reaching for greatness requires emulation. We should try to improve by emulating the best that we see in other people. The purpose of this emulation must be for us to acquire positive characteristics, not to seem better than we are. And when others try to improve, we should encourage them instead of calling them hypocrites.

Since we interact with others, the question of our own characteristics is insufficient; we must also question our perceptions of others. Do you and I assume that the things we perceive are reality? When someone seems to be self-absorbed or quiet or happy, do we assume that this is generally the case? Do we disregard others' ideas when they aren't presented as we are used to hearing ideas or when they come from unusual or unproven sources? Do we assume that people remain the same or do we believe that people can change for the better?

The most important thing that we can do is personal: each of us can work at becoming better. We can concern ourselves less with how we seem and more with how we are. And we can give others the benefit of the doubt. We must also encourage societal change to value actuality over mere appearance. We must consciously choose to value genuineness over the appearance of virtues. We can expect people to be good but not extraordinary, freeing them from the pressure to seem to be good enough for our unrealistic expectations. Relatedly, we must put less pressure on people to be something that they are not; introverts and extroverts and everyone in between are good people. The same goes for scientists and liberal arts majors. In other words, we should encourage people to grow but not to be untrue to themselves. We also need to encourage virtues, such as honesty, industry, and kindness – but never assume that we see them clearly in others. Hardest of all, we must strive as a society and especially as individuals to acquire these virtues.

Sunday, September 9, 2012

What is Virus Protection Programe


 
A virus normally requires action to successfully infect a victim.
These programs are small in size. The word virus is often used as a common term for all malicious   programmes, but technically a virus is a program or code that attaches itself to a legitimate, executable piece    of software, and then reproduces itself when that program is run.




HP provides a virus-scanning software program to help protect your PC (select
models only).
A PC virus can destroy information on the hard disk drive. You can get a virus
from infected files that you open from:
• An e-mail message or attachment.
• A file downloaded from the Internet.
• A diskette (floppy disk).
• A CD or DVD disc.
Some viruses affect your PC immediately, while others may activate only if you
open a certain file or do not delete the file before a certain date. New types of
viruses are invented all the time.
The virus-scanning software program on your PC has pre-set options that make
your PC safe. After you enable the virus-scanning program, it checks your PC files
for viruses.
The virus-scanning program manufacturer provides free virus definition updates
through your Internet connection for an initial period after your PC purchase. You
can purchase a subscription service for updates after the initial free period
expires.
You should take the following precautions to protect your PC:
• Do not open unsolicited e-mail from unknown sources.
• Download files only from sources you feel are safe.
• Always scan documents for viruses before opening them.
• Make sure you have the latest version of your virus-scanning software.

Saturday, September 8, 2012

Maintenance Best computer Software for Windows XP Vista 7



Computer maintenance software is great for easily maintaining your Windows based software. Tune Up Utilities 2012 is the best computer maintenance software because it bundles all the tools you need to maintain your Windows XP, Vista, and 7 computer in one package.







Tune Up Utilities 2012 comes with a disk defrag, disk cleanup, registry cleaner, registry defrag, program uninstaller, program deactivator, startup program manager, and many other tools for maintaining your Windows Based PC.
The best part of TuneUp Utilities 2012 is a lot of the tasks like disk defrag, disk cleanup, disk scan, registry clean up, registry defrag are done automatically when your computer is idle after you install Tune Up Utilities 2012  in Windows. If you know how to install a internet browser like Firefox, or Google Chrome, or any other software which did not come with Windows, you’ll know how to install TuneUp 2012.
Tune Up Utilities can also find and fix problems you have in Windows.
One of the best features of TuneUp Utilities is it has Turbo mode which can make Windows run a lot faster by disabling unnecessary programs running in the background. New in Tune Up 2012 is Economy mode which can disable un-needed programs, reduces CPU power usage,and optimize Windows and your computer hardware for maximum power savings which would mean increase battery life, and spending less money on your power bill for powering your PC, laptop, and Windows 7 Tablet.
Tune Up also comes with Live Optimization which makes your PC’s power on the task you are doing instead of using your PC’s power on task in the background which you are not using.
You can also use TuneUp to get back more free disk space by deleting junk files, so you can use more of your disk space for something else like photos, videos, documents, music, and more.
Changing the appearance of Windows boot, logon, and other settings is easy with Tune Up 2012.

Wednesday, September 5, 2012

Top 10 tips For your PC back up and its original speed

The good news is that many common problems can be sorted out with a little expert help, and this collection of 10 software and hardware tips will help you put a spring back into your PC’s step.

HARDWARE
1. Add more memory
Most of our tips cost nothing. However, we will kick off with one cheap upgrade that’s guaranteed to boost performance – adding more memory.


As long as there are no underlying software problems, upgrading a PC’s memory will make Windows more responsive, programs quicker to load and reduce unnecessary hard disk activity.
We recommend 2GB as a minimum amount and with memory modules priced at around £10-£15 per gigabyte, this is an affordable upgrade for many.
Use a reputable website such as Crucial or Kingston to find the right memory.
2. Defragment hard disks
Over time files can become fragmented, leading to slow performance. To fix this, defragment your hard disk regularly.
A built-in tool runs once a week in Windows 7 and Vista, but if you want to change the schedule type defragment in the Start search box.
Alternatively, in XP right-click a drive and click Properties, then choose Tools. Auslogics Disk Defrag and Defraggler are better and free.
Never defragment USB memory keys or solid-state drives (SSDs), though – they don’t need it and the process can damage them.
3. Enable Readyboost
If your PC has 1GB or less of memory, Windows 7 and Vista have a feature called Readyboost that can improve hard disk performance. Readyboost uses a USB memory key (it needs to have at least 512MB of available space to be effective), and it can give a small but welcome boost for disk-intensive tasks in older PCs.
Slot in a memory key, locate it in Windows Explorer, right-click its icon and choose Properties. Click the Readyboost tab and choose the ‘Dedicate this device to Readyboost’ radio button
4. Enable disk caching
To protect files and folders, Windows is conservative with the way it writes data to the hard disk. But there is little risk in enabling disk caching to improve performance (though if the power cuts unexpectedly, some data loss may occur).
To do this, press the Windows key and R, type devmgmt.msc in the box and press Enter. Expand the Disk Drives section, double-click on the hard disk’s entry and click the Policies tab. Ensure all the boxes are ticked on this page (they are labelled differently in each Windows version) and click OK. Don’t do this for USB drives, though.
5. Replace network cables
Broadband users often complain about unreliable or slow connections. For PCs connected directly to the router or modem via an Ethernet cable, there are a few worthwhile checks.
Network cables can be damaged by kinks, the connectors can break or get dirty. New cables are cheap, so it’s worth trying a new one before blaming the PC or internet service provider (ISP).
6. Clean ventilation grilles
Too much heat can make a PC slow down or, in extreme cases, stop altogether. Keeping any ventilation grilles clean and dust-free is the easiest way to ensure that heat inside a PC or notebook can escape.
Take a look around the PC to see if any grilles are dirty. Clean them with a soft brush or a can of compressed air – but don’t poke anything through the grilles. When you use a laptop, ensure no vents are covered up.


SOFTWARE
7. Prevent programs starting with Windows
Programs that launch automatically in Windows slow down a PC and hog memory. Many are unnecessary and can be started later if needed. To remove them, click Start followed by All Programs.
Now navigate to the Startup folder, right-click each unwanted item in turn and choose Delete (this won’t uninstall the programs). To remove any remaining items, press the Windows key and R, type msconfig and press Enter.
This launches the System Configuration utility. Click Selective Startup and remove the tick from the box labelled ‘Load startup items’. Click OK and restart the PC. Changes can be reversed by launching the System Configuration utility once more.
Delete programs from Startup folder

8. Stop XP’s indexing
Windows XP’s file search feature isn’t good and the indexing service that drives it can cause the hard disk light to be constantly lit when your PC is idle. This can cause a PC to slow to a crawl.
Turn off indexing by clicking Start followed by Search and click the Change preferences link on the left-hand side. Now click the ‘With Indexing Service (for faster local searches)’ link and select the ‘No, do not enable Indexing Service’ radio button. Now click OK.
9. Speed up search
Windows 7 and Vista both have a useful search feature, but it can be slow if documents are stored in locations that Windows considers non-standard.
Type indexing options in the Start search box, press Enter and click Modify. Ensure the location of your documents folder is selected in the upper pane (the ‘standard’ location is under your name in the Users folder), and remove unwanted locations by clicking the item in the lower pane and removing the tick from its box in the upper pane.
If you never use Windows search bar, remove ticks from all the boxes.
10. Reduce graphics resolution
If your PC struggles to run games smoothly, this could mean the graphics card is being overstretched. Reducing the graphics quality settings (such as screen resolution and colour depth) can often resolve this.
This can improve performance around Windows, too. In games, these settings are usually located within the game’s options – check the help file or manual.
Start with the least-demanding settings and try to find the highest-quality settings that run smoothly. In Windows, right-click the Desktop and choose Properties followed by the Settings tab (Windows XP), or Screen resolution (Windows 7 or Vista).

Best Information of Laptop pc Cleaning

Before cleaning any computer or Laptop, we suggest the computer or Laptop first be turned off and unplugged. Also, because you're going to be cleaning the laptop, we also suggest you removing the laptop battery.


Cleaning laptop case
Cleaning the exterior portion of the laptop case can help keep the laptop looking new. The exterior case of a laptop can be cleaned by using a damp cotton cloth that has been dampened with water. It is not recommended that the exterior case of the laptop be cleaned with household cleaning solutions. However, if there is a substance on the laptop that cannot be cleaned with water, we suggest using rubbing alcohol.
Cleaning case openings
If dust, dirt, hair, or other substances are in the case openings, it can prevent air from getting into or out of the laptop. This can cause the overall heat of the laptop to increase, and in some cases may also cause such issues as random reboots.
Look for laptop openings where the laptop draws in cool air from outside or blows out any hot air from the inside of the laptop. These openings are usually on one of the sides, the back, or the bottom of the laptop. Dust, dirt, hair, or other substances can almost always be removed using a cotton swab or compressed air.
Caution: If you're using compressed air to clean the openings that have fans within them, it's possible that the amount of air blown on the fans can cause them to over spin, damaging or destroying the fan. To help prevent this issue, place something in-between the fan blades, such as a toothpick.
Cleaning laptop keyboard
Like almost everything else on a laptop, a keyboard is also different from the standard computer keyboard. With many laptop keyboards the keys cannot be completely removed. Therefore, we suggest cleaning the keyboard by using the same damp cloth you used to clean the exterior case of the laptop. In addition, compressed air can be used to spray any dust, dirt, or hair from in-between the keys.
If you've spilt something onto the laptop keyboard (like a soda) that's causing the keys to stick and cleaning it does not help we suggest that you have the laptop repaired since the keyboard cannot be replaced.
Cleaning laptop mouse (touchpad)
Cleaning the laptop touchpad can help improve the look of the laptop and also many times will help improve the responsiveness of the touchpad. To clean the touchpad surface, use the same damp cloth used to clean the exterior of the laptop.
Cleaning the LCD
Additional information about cleaning LCD and flat panel displays can be found on our main cleaning page.
Cleaning internal laptop components
Cleaning the inside of a laptop computer can be a difficult task. However, in some situations, it may be necessary because of excessive dust and dirt buildup within the computer, such as on the processor's heatsink.
Unfortunately, however, because of the complexity often involved in disassembling the laptop to reach many of these areas, Computer Hope cannot provide this information online for every laptop ever made. If you believe after cleaning your computer that it is still overheating because of dust and dirt buildup, we suggest taking the laptop to an authorized repair center.
Other cleaning information and help
Additional information and help with cleaning other portions of computers as well as discs and other computer related peripherals can be found on our main cleaning page.

Thursday, August 30, 2012

Error Software Messages In Your PC

I'm sure at some point while using your computer at work or at home you have encountered some of error message trying to get your work done. if you don't know what the error message means or how to resolve the problem.
Errors are a common occurrence when working with computers, especially Windows computers. It's a good skill to have to be able to diagnose error messages so you can fix problems when they occur.  


Keep in mind that these errors and fixes may vary depending on your version of Windows and there may be more then one cause for the type of error you are getting.

There are two ways to deliver software free of errors. The first is to prevent the introduction of errors in the first place. And the second is to identify the bugs lurking in your code, seek them out, and destroy them. Obviously, the first method is superior.

  • Your are unable to copy and paste in Windows Explorer.
    Go to Start, Settings then Control Panel. Select the Internet Options icon and click on the Security tab. Then click on Custom Setting, and make sure the "Drag and copy or paste" option is enabled.
  • Windows encountered an error accessing the system Registry /strong> (Windows 98/ME)
    Do a search on the C Drive for the User.dat file. If the file size is 0k, delete the file so Windows will recreate it next boot up.
  • Your files do not open with the program you want to open them with.
    Hold down shift while right clicking on the file. Select Open With from the menu. Select Choose Program and find the appropriate program from the list. If the program you want to use is not listed, click on Browse. Navigate to the executable (.exe) for the program and then click on Open. Check the box that says "Always use the selected program to open this kind of file" checkbox.
  • Error deleting file or folder
    This message will most likely occur if you attempt to delete, save over, or move a file while it is in use by another application. Close the open file and try it again. If it is open by another user over the network you will get the same error.
llegal Operation Errors
An illegal operation is usually when the computer requests an operation that is unknown to the operating system or processor and that can't be performed. The operating system or processor usually terminates the program that made the illegal request. If this keeps happening you should reboot your computer.

Monday, August 27, 2012

PC Hardware Guide with picture tutorial

There are many kinds of hardware that make up a computer. Without many of these components your computer simply wouldn't work. Not all computers have all of these items since some of them are optional but all computers will have many of these items.
Here is a listing of the most common PC hardware terminology that you can use to get a better understanding of what's inside your computer. 





AGP ( Accelerated Graphics Port ) - An interface that is a slot on the motherboard designed for a video cards to allow high speed transmission between the CPU, memory and the video car. 

Active Matrix- Type of display which amplifies the video signal at every intersection in the grid of electrodes to improve quality.

 BIOS (Basic Input Output System) - A set of instructions stored on a ROM chip that provides an interface for a computer's hardware and software. 


 CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) - An optical data storage medium using disks similar to audio CDs. CD-ROMs have a maximum storage capacity of 700 MB (megabytes). Some types can be written to multiple times (CD-RW). CD-ROMs are used in CD-ROM players on computers.


CPU (central processing unit) - The CPU receives data input by the user, processes information and executes commands. This microchip controls and performs the execution of computer instructions. They come in many different types and speeds. The speed is most commonly measured in gigahertz (GHz). 




E-SATA (External-Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) - Allows you to connect SATA drives externally while still getting the same transfer speeds as internal SATA drives.






 



Firewire -   Expansion Bus that can work as a local bus. A very fast external bus that supports data transfer rates of up to 400 Mbps. It is used to connect devices to computer that require a high data transfer rate such as video cameras.






 Hard Drive - A device inside (sometimes outside) of a computer used to store data such as files, folder, documents and pictures etc. They come in many different capacities and are usually measured in gigabytes. They also come with different interfaces to the computer such as IDE, SATA and SCSI.










Heatsink - A cooling device which attaches to a CPU to conduct away and disperse the heat generated by the CPU.









  





EEPROM -Chip in which a high voltage can be applied to one of the pins to erase data before new data is written








Jumper - A small component that you place over pairs of pins to connect them electronically most commonly used on hard drives and CD-ROMS to determine which is master and which is the slave.








  



Motherboard - The main board of a computer system. Also called system bord. It contains the system bus. It has different connections for the CPU, memory, expansion cards, hard drives etc. All the system devices run though the motherboard.









Network Interface Card (NIC) - A hardware device that is used to connect a computer to other networked devices such as other computers and printers. NICs can support several different data transfer rates but the most common is 100 Mbps (mega bits per second).






  



PCI (peripheral computer interconnect) - an industry-standard bus used in computers that provides a high-speed connection with peripherals such as video and sound cards.










PCI Express - A high-speed peripheral interconnect introduced in 2002 that expands on and doubles the data transfer rates of original PCI. PCI Express is a 2 way serial connection compared to the single parallel data bus of traditional PCI. It was designed to eventually replace the PCI and AGP buses.

  




Power Supply (PSU) – Supplies Power to all device in a PC. The component that supplies power to the computer and converts AC current to DC current. It has different power plugs that fit your hardware devices such as hard drives, CDROM, and motherboard.








RAID (redundant array of independent disks or redundant array of inexpensive disks) - A system whereby multiple hard drives are connected together to form a single large drive for storage that offers increased performance and fault tolerance.

  





RAM (random access memory) - The very fast temporary memory of a computer into which application programs currently in use can be loaded and executed. Once the computer is turned off, all data in this memory is lost.










A (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment or SATA) - A standard used to connect hard drives to computers. SATA is based on serial signaling technology rather than IDE technology that uses parallel signaling.


  

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) - A type of interface between a computer and peripherals that allows faster communication than most other interface sandards. SCSI provides a very fast data transfer rate and can connect up to 7 devices together.






Sound Card - An interface card that is used to transfer the audio signal between the computer and the speakers. 







USB (Universal Serial Bus) - A bus type that is used to connect devices such as keyboards, mice, cameras, printers, scanners etc to a computer. Most newer computers have 4 or more USB ports installed. You can have up to 127 devices attached though these ports.









Video Card - Expansion card installed in a PC to provide video capabilities.





  





ZIF(Zero Insertion Force) Socket- Smaller lever used to secure the processor into the socket.